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https://www.productionai.institute/graph/events/evt-aiid-939

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Production AI Institute public record · AI Incident Database: AI-Powered Chinese Surveillance Campaign 'Peer Review' Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-State Speech on Western Social Media · observed 2025-02-22
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AI Incident Database: AI-Powered Chinese Surveillance Campaign 'Peer Review' Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-State Speech on Western Social Media

OpenAI reportedly uncovered evidence of a Chinese state-linked AI-powered surveillance campaign, dubbed "Peer Review," designed to monitor and report anti-state speech on Western social media in real time. The system, believed to be built on Meta’s open-source Llama model, was detected when a developer allegedly used OpenAI’s technology to debug its code. OpenAI also reportedly identified disinformation efforts targeting Chinese dissidents and spreading propaganda in Latin A…

AI Incident Database · Incident 939

Operator lens (medium): inspect D3 (data handling).

Confidence
82%
Sources
3
Entities
14
Detected
detected 512d ago

Event summary

OpenAI reportedly uncovered evidence of a Chinese state-linked AI-powered surveillance campaign, dubbed "Peer Review," designed to monitor and report anti-state speech on Western social media in real time. The system, believed to be built on Meta’s open-source Llama model, was detected when a developer allegedly used OpenAI’s technology to debug its code. OpenAI also reportedly identified disinformation efforts targeting Chinese dissidents and spreading propaganda in Latin A…

D3

Linked entities

  • various-open-source-ai-developers

    organisation | 70%

  • OpenAI

    vendor | 70%

  • Meta

    vendor | 70%

  • chinese-state-security-researchers

    organisation | 70%

  • surveillance-technology-developers

    organisation | 70%

  • chinese-state-linked-actors

    organisation | 70%

  • chinese-communist-party

    organisation | 70%

  • western-social-media-communities

    organisation | 70%

  • social-media-users-in-latin-america

    organisation | 70%

  • social-media-users

    organisation | 70%

  • opposition-voices-against-the-chinese-communist-party

    organisation | 70%

  • chinese-dissidents

    organisation | 70%

  • cai-xia

    organisation | 70%

  • privacy

    organisation | 70%

Related graph edges

EdgeTypeConfidence
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-vendor-openai to ent-psf-d2maps to60%

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Event dates

  • Happened 21 Feb 2025

  • Detected 22 Feb 2025

Sources

  • AI Incident Database - Incident 939

    secondary | checked 9 July 2026

    Open source
  • OpenAI finds new Chinese influence campaigns using its tools

    secondary | checked 22 Feb 2025

    Open source
  • OpenAI Uncovers Evidence of A.I.-Powered Chinese Surveillance Tool

    primary | checked 21 Feb 2025

    Open source
Cite this record

"AI Incident Database: AI-Powered Chinese Surveillance Campaign 'Peer Review' Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-State Speech on Western Social Media." https://www.productionai.institute/graph/events/evt-aiid-939 (observed 2025-02-21; retrieved 2026-07-19). PAI.

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