<- Production AI Graph
pai source
Optum Healthcare Algorithm Systematically Underprovided Care to Black Patients — PAI incident record
Source evidence cited by graph records. This page shows where the source is used, its trust tier, and when it was last checked in the seed.
Trust tier
pai assessment
Linked records
2
Edges
2
Checked
1 July 2026
Records using this source
- Optum (UnitedHealth)
entity | 1 Jan 2019 | 72%
Optum (UnitedHealth) — organisation named in the Production AI Institute incident registry.
- Optum Healthcare Algorithm Systematically Underprovided Care to Black Patients
event | 1 Jan 2019 | 80%
A widely used healthcare risk algorithm sold by Optum used healthcare spending as a proxy for health need. Because structural inequalities mean Black patients historically spent less on healthcare than equally sick white patients, the algorithm systematically underestimated the health needs of Blac…