Publisher under fire after ‘fake’ citations found in AI ethics guide
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- Springer Nature Book 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems' Reportedly Published With Numerous Purportedly Fabricated or Unverifiable Citations
event | 16 Dec 2025 | 78%
'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems,' published by Springer Nature in June 2025, reportedly contains numerous purportedly untraceable academic citations. Independent analyses by multiple researchers allegedly found that a substantial share of references in certain chapters could not be verified, including citations to journals that do not exist. Citation patterns reportedly appear consistent with known large language model hallu…