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https://www.productionai.institute/graph/events/evt-aiid-1309

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Production AI Institute public record · AI Incident Database: Springer Nature Book 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems' Reportedly Published With Numerous Purportedly Fabricated or Unverifiable Citations · observed 2025-12-16
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AI Incident Database: Springer Nature Book 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems' Reportedly Published With Numerous Purportedly Fabricated or Unverifiable Citations

'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems,' published by Springer Nature in June 2025, reportedly contains numerous purportedly untraceable academic citations. Independent analyses by multiple researchers allegedly found that a substantial share of references in certain chapters could not be verified, including citations to journals that do not exist. Citation patterns reportedly appear consistent with known large language model hallu…

AI Incident Database · Incident 1309

Operator lens (medium): inspect D2 (output validation), D6 (autonomy oversight).

Confidence
78%
Sources
2
Entities
13
Detected
detected 215d ago

Event summary

'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems,' published by Springer Nature in June 2025, reportedly contains numerous purportedly untraceable academic citations. Independent analyses by multiple researchers allegedly found that a substantial share of references in certain chapters could not be verified, including citations to journals that do not exist. Citation patterns reportedly appear consistent with known large language model hallu…

D2D6

Linked entities

  • large-language-model-developers

    organisation | 70%

  • generative-ai-developers

    organisation | 70%

  • srikanta-patnaik

    organisation | 70%

  • jair-minoro-abe

    organisation | 70%

  • kazumi-nakamatsu

    organisation | 70%

  • francesco-vigliarolo

    organisation | 70%

  • springer-nature

    organisation | 70%

  • unnamed-chapter-authors

    organisation | 70%

  • academic-researchers

    organisation | 70%

  • ai-researchers

    organisation | 70%

  • readers-of-academic-and-technical-publications

    organisation | 70%

  • students

    organisation | 70%

  • epistemic-integrity

    organisation | 70%

Related graph edges

EdgeTypeConfidence
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d2maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d6maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%
ent-aiid-large-language-model-developers to ent-psf-d1maps to60%

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Event dates

  • Happened 17 June 2025

  • Detected 16 Dec 2025

Sources

  • AI Incident Database - Incident 1309

    secondary | checked 9 July 2026

    Open source
  • Publisher under fire after ‘fake’ citations found in AI ethics guide

    secondary | checked 16 Dec 2025

    Open source
Cite this record

"AI Incident Database: Springer Nature Book 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems' Reportedly Published With Numerous Purportedly Fabricated or Unverifiable Citations." https://www.productionai.institute/graph/events/evt-aiid-1309 (observed 2025-06-17; retrieved 2026-07-19). PAI.

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